Typical values from 71 sampled wells in Clay County · Full groundwater profile
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Based on the contaminants most commonly reported in this region. Always confirm with a certified lab water test before buying equipment.
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Most homes in Clay County, in Northeast Florida, are on public water, but 25.1% of built parcels, roughly 19,952 properties, still draw drinking water from a private well, according to the Florida Department of Health's 2022 inventory.
Most groundwater pumped in Clay County comes from the Floridan Aquifer (USGS, 2015 withdrawals). Samples from 71 local wells put the median hardness at 4.8 gpg (moderately hard) and median iron at 0.15 mg/L. The county's largest communities are Lakeside, Oakleaf Plantation and Fleming Island.
In this guide
Groundwater Profile: Clay County
Most groundwater pumped in Clay County comes from the Floridan Aquifer (USGS, 2015 withdrawals). Across 71 sampled wells, the median hardness is 4.8 gpg, which the USGS classes as moderately hard. It applies to wells across Clay County, including around Green Cove Springs, Orange Park and Keystone Heights.
No contaminant tracked here was above its EPA guideline in the typical (median) sampled well.
Hydrogen sulfide (the rotten-egg smell) was measured in only 0 Clay County wells, too few to say how common it is. Limited local data (fewer than 20 samples): individual well testing recommended. If you notice the smell, a sulfide test confirms it.
How Clay County Compares to Florida and the U.S.
See How Clay County Compares to Florida & the US
| Share of wells with… | Clay CountyClay | FloridaFL | United StatesUS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hard water (above 7 gpg) | 23% | 79% | 60% |
| Iron above 0.3 mg/L | 48% | 35% | 19% |
| Manganese above 0.05 mg/L | 11% | 8% | 21% |
| Dissolved solids above 500 mg/L | 1% | 22% | 15% |
| Acidic water (pH below 6.5) | 48% | 15% | 14% |
| Nitrate above 10 mg/L (EPA limit) | Limited data | 2% | 4% |
| Arsenic above 10 µg/L (EPA limit) | 3% | 3% | 7% |
| Median hardness | 4.8 gpg | 12.4 gpg | — |
| Median pH | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.3 |
Clay County and Florida: share of sampled wells (all well types, samples since 2000) whose typical value exceeds the level, from the Water Quality Portal. United States: USGS Circular 1332, about 2,100 domestic wells in 48 states sampled 1991 to 2004. Well types and years differ, so read this as a broad comparison. Highlighted cells are well above the national share.
See what a typical Clay County well needs
Opens the diagnostic calculator with Clay County median values (4.8 gpg hardness, 0.15 ppm iron, pH 6.9) for a 3–4 person home. Swap in your own lab results for an exact plan.
Testing Your Well in Clay County
The Florida Department of Health in Clay County oversees private well permitting in the county and investigates suspected contamination. For routine bacteria, nitrate or full-panel tests, use a laboratory certified by the Florida Department of Health.
What to test for in Clay County:
- Bacteria (total coliform and E. coli) and nitrate, at least once a year (Florida Department of Health recommendation)
- After any flood, new well work or a change in taste, color or smell
The Florida Department of Health in Clay County can explain how to collect samples and where to send them. Statewide guidance is on the FDOH private well testing page, and our guide to how to test well water covers which tests to order.
Nearby Counties
Clay County borders these counties with published reports:
Frequently Asked Questions
How many homes in Clay County use private wells?
The Florida Department of Health’s Florida Water Management Inventory (2022 data) found 25.1% of built parcels in Clay County on private wells, roughly 19,952 properties.
How hard is well water in Clay County?
Groundwater samples from 71 wells in Clay County have a median hardness of 4.8 grains per gallon (81 mg/L), which the USGS classes as moderately hard. About 23% of sampled wells are above 7 gpg, the point where a water softener is usually worthwhile. The Florida statewide median is 12.4 gpg.
Is iron a problem in Clay County well water?
The median iron level across 71 sampled wells is 0.15 mg/L, below the EPA aesthetic guideline of 0.3 mg/L, and 48% of wells exceed it. Most wells will not stain, but if yours does, a lab test tells you whether iron or manganese is the cause.
Why does my well water smell like rotten eggs in Clay County?
Hydrogen sulfide (the rotten-egg smell) was measured in only 0 Clay County wells, too few to say how common it is. Limited local data (fewer than 20 samples): individual well testing recommended. If you notice the smell, a sulfide test confirms it. The smell is a nuisance rather than a health risk at typical levels.
Which aquifer supplies wells in Clay County?
Most groundwater pumped in Clay County comes from the Floridan Aquifer (USGS, 2015 withdrawals).
Does boiling well water make it safe to drink in Clay County?
Only if bacteria are the problem. A one-minute rolling boil kills germs, but it does not remove nitrate, arsenic or other chemicals, and it concentrates them as water evaporates. Test first, and see our boiling well water myth buster for when boiling helps.
How often should I test my well water in Clay County?
The Florida Department of Health recommends testing private wells for bacteria and nitrate at least once a year, and again after flooding or well repairs. The Florida Department of Health in Clay County can explain how to collect and submit samples.
Written by Well Water Advisor Editorial Team.